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BORN'2'CRIME


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Cesare Lombroso during the mid-19th century, championed the notion that "criminality was inherited and that criminals could be identified by physical attributes such as hawk-like noses and bloodshot eyes". Lombroso took inspiration from Charles Darwin's recently released theories of evolution and carried many of the misunderstandings that he had regarding evolution into the propagation of the use of physiognomy in criminology. His logic stemmed from the idea that "criminals were 'throwbacks' in the phylogenetic tree to early phases of evolution". He believed that one could determine whether one was of savage nature just by their physical characteristics.

Based on his findings, "Lombroso proposed that the "born criminal" could be distinguished by physical atavistic stigmata, such as:

  • Large jaws, forward projection of jaw
  • Low sloping forehead
  • High cheekbones
  • Flattened or upturned nose
  • Handle-shaped ears
  • Hawk-like noses or fleshy lips
  • Hard shifty eyes
  • Scanty beard or baldness
  • Insensitivity to pain
  • Long arms relative to lower limbs

Lombroso had numerous case studies to corroborate many of his findings due to the fact that he was the head of an insane asylum at Pesaro. He was easily able to study people from various walks of life and was thus able to further define criminal types. Because his theories primarily focused on anatomy and anthropological information, the idea of degeneracy being a source of atavism was not explored till later on in his criminological theory endeavors. These "new and improved" theories led to the notion "that the born criminal had pathological symptoms in common with the moral imbecile and the epileptic, and this led him to expand his typology to include the insane criminal and the epileptic criminal". In addition, the insane criminal type included the alcoholic, the mattoid, and the hysterical criminal.

 

 

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