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Pádraig Mac Duarcáin, as his grandfather insisted on calling him, was third son and fourth surviving child of John Durkin, second generation American Irishman. An aggressive abusive drunkard - worker of the shoe factory. Born in 1874 in Boston, Patrick, like many other working-class children, grew up from a very young age in an atmosphere of poverty and struggle. Hunger, unsanitary conditions, constant fights with older brothers and peers were the companions of his young years. Short, bony and wiry, he began to steal and drink early, like many other children, left to their own devices while their fathers broke their backs in factories and their mothers gave birth again and again, in hopes that at least half of the babies would live to the age when they will be able to work for the sake of their families, making life at least a little easier for their parents. His father's anger, fueled by cheap whiskey, and the constant attacks of his brothers fostered a combative, flammable character in Patrick. Always ready for a fight, always feeling the need to defend his dignity, Patrick often found himself being chased with a police baton. Near the end of Reconstruction, old John, driven by promises of a better life, moves his family south to Saint Denis, leaving his eldest sons and daughter in Boston, taking only Patrick with him. Years followed each other, one part-time job replaced another. Only the wind walked in his pockets and the screams of his drunken, gradually dying father drove Patrick into the merciless streets of his new home - The Bowery. After serving a couple of years in the Navy during the Spanish-American War, he returned to Saint Denis, buried his father and... threw himself to the bottom of the bottle.

The Saint Denis Police Dept. (S.D.P.D.) serve as the first point of law and order for the City of Saint Denis and it's immediate outskirts. A relatively new jurisdiction founded paralell to the advancing technologies and populace growth of the City, it aims to ensure that the peoples of Saint Denis are safe as they advance into a new age of industrialisation and commerce. "IF WE DO NOT MAINTAIN JUSTICE, HOW WILL JUSTICE MAINTAIN US?" TO DEVELOP & MAINTAIN AN ENJOYABLE DYNAMIC STORYLINE BETWEEN LAW & LAWLESS SAINT DENIS ROLEPLAYERS The Saint Denis Police Dept. hope to offer a fresh perspective on lawful roleplay for those who may wish to chase a different portrayl to that of a Sheriff's Deputy or U.S. Marshal. The S.D.P.D. will have a large focus on investigative roleplay and in-house roleplay with the community of Saint Denis, with a large focus on maintaining the peace and ensuring a good-kept relationship with the residency of Saint Denis is at the forefront of our mission statement. We're seeking Constables that wish to roam the streets of Saint Denis in search of criminality, and Detectives that are interested in developing long-term narratives with the many criminal faces of South Tahoma Roleplay to ensure the equilibrium of Law & Lawless roleplayers is not only kept balanced, but kept entertaining for everyone involved. Characters of the S.D.P.D. are encouraged to have their job as merely a part of this character; and we encourage characters that have a life, troubles and trebulacations both in and outside of the workplace. Some healthy in-house competitive and conflictable stories are more than welcome, and we invite characters that are complex - and aren't simply "robocops" with an inherent want to "shoot first". This faction is searching for story-telling characters who are interested in immersing themselves in the dark setting of Saint Denis and it's unique mixture of streetrat criminals and organised crime. We're eager to take on patrolmen and detectives who are interested in developing a character, with real struggles, workplace gossip and tension, dynamic relationships with the residency of Saint Denis and a mutual OOC respect for criminal roleplayers, in the interest of crafting a fantastic story for the State capital. We're hiring CONSTABLES who are more interested in the frontline law enforcement. Patrolmen are placed into squads, and we're eager to allow for a beautiful camararderie to develop amongst the two squads; perhaps some friendly competition, and the development of meaningful interpersonal relationships. We're hiring DETECTIVES, who are more interested in behind-the-scenes, longterm, investigative roleplay. Detectives are partnered; and the relationship you have with your partner should be a cornerstone of the roleplay. Do you get along? Are you blood brothers? If it came to it, would you take a bullet for this man? All-in-all, if you're looking for a premium law enforcement roleplay experience; with an elegant respect for embedding the faction within the existing Saint Denis Community, consider joining our discord by CLICKING HERE or clicking the image below.

"Me mumma use to say... Don't wait to 'ear the war drum beat before ya grind ya axe. So don't wait until ya see trouble, if ya know trouble a comin'. Keep your gun." - W.K. William Kingston is a boy born in Kingston, Jamaica. His family immigrated to the United States when he was a entering his teenager years. Growing up in Jamaica, despite the 'Rudeboy' culture commonly attributed to the islanders, William grew up learning manners and discipline from the more hardened criminals on the island. From the start he was different from all the other boys. Though he loved engaging in reckless fun, he often would stop and question situations faster before other children. Many believe his family put protection spells on him because of his timely luck sometimes. When he finally moved to America, his family settled in the Bowery section of Saint Denis. Life was hard and eventually his father left, leaving William as the man of the house. He began looting and stealing in attempts to make money to help provide for his family as well as the other kids on Milyonne Avenue he grew up with. Robbery and thievery were never beneath him when it came to making sure his loved ones could eat. William himself has come a long way from petty drug store thefts, often finding himself scheming on new ways to get rich. In his first ever heist he successfully stole a painting from the Galerie Laurent in Saint Denis. Since then he continues to try and find more ways to steal money though he hopes one day he can make enough, buy a big home and retire. The Master Thief Declaration of War Originally, William wasn't supposed to be much but a poor street urchin living in the Bowery. When a gang of Irishmen from Victory Street began to give the streets of Saint Denis trouble, William was called into action. His street gang, The Marauder Gang, was meant to be a defense system for the new and reopened Doyle's Tavern. Carelessly William wanted to wander the streets and check on the other gangs in the area when he received an unpleasant welcoming from Victory Street's old Jack Rabbits and Dead Jackals. The two Irish gangs seemingly making a pact to wreck havoc on local businesses in the Bowery. This forced two local saloon owners to come together to bring peace back to their streets and tied William in with the Italian Mob. The two forces driving out the meddling gangs from their neighborhood and opening the doors for newer gangs.

THE SAINT DENIS PLAN Introduction to The Gaetanos - What happend? 1899 Welcome to the shadowy yet noble world of The Gaetanos, a faction rooted in the traditions and resilience of the Camorra, now thriving in the vibrant and tumultuous streets of South Tahoma. Our story begins with a man named NICCOLO GAETANO, a scion of the prestigious Gaetano Clan from Naples. Sent by his family to the land of new opportunities, America, Niccolo embarked on a mission to create wealth and power for his clan in the heart of the New World. The Foundation Upon arriving in South Tahoma, Niccolo quickly made a name for himself. He forged an unlikely alliance with a Jamaican boy named WILLIAM KINGSTON and a young scion of the VESPUCCI family, the Jamaican boy came to regard as his own son. Together, they fought fiercely against the Irish, solidifying their control and laying the groundwork for their empire. But not only that, both William and Niccolo had a dream where their people live free, cause eventhough America was called as the land of the Freedom, the reality was completely the opposite. Both of them were unstoppable, fought foe after foe off, did heist after heist to gain the money to achieve their dream. Whatever came their way was erased from earth, never to be seen again. With the funds provided by his family, Niccolo purchased the Theatre Râleur. Under his astute management, the theatre flourished, generating substantial profits. These successes enabled his trusted associate, ROCCO , to acquire the Bastille on St. Nicholas Street. This new venture proved to be equally lucrative, bolstering their influence and financial power. Community and Adversity Niccolo's vision extended beyond mere wealth. He sought to uplift the impoverished residents of the Bowery, offering them jobs and a chance at a better life. His benevolence earned him the loyalty of the community, but his journey was not without setbacks. The imprisonment of William Kingston marked a significant blow, yet Niccolo's resolve remained unshaken. Reinforcements arrived from Naples in the form of IGNAZIO and ANGELO , who brought renewed vigor to their operations. Niccolo expanded his network, forging connections in Strawberry and securing investment from a Hawaiian prince. When rebellion threatened their interests in Strawberry, Niccolo decisively deployed his men to quell the uprising. Strategic Alliances and Political Ambitions Niccolo's strategic acumen extended to forming friendships with intelligent women. His future wife, NATALINA GAETANO, and his close friend, BEATRICE , played crucial roles in maintaining the cohesion and strength of the Gaetano Clan in South Tahoma. As time passed, Niccolo's ambitions grew. He ran for Mayor of Saint Denis, ultimately becoming Vice Mayor, a testament to his belief that hard work could elevate his fellow Italians to positions of power and respect. Natalina became the Empress of what had been build, and made sure that Niccolo stays on the right track, but doesn't forget about his dream. In his pursuit of stability and legacy, Niccolo acquired the Bronte Mansion, dreaming of a peaceful future. However, his once friends and then enemies, DALTON MARAT and CHARLOTTE GRAY , colluded with the Marshals to bring him down. He was hoping for Angelo and Ignazio to survive, which both did for a time, but hard reality set in when Angelo did suicide before arrest and Ignazio been tricked and then shot. Facing imminent capture, Niccolo outmaneuvered his foes with a cunning deal, escaping the country and ensuring the survival of his legacy. The Legacy of The Gaetanos The Gaetanos are more than a family; it is a testament to the enduring spirit of the CAMORRA, adapted to the challenges and opportunities of a new world. Through loyalty, cunning, and an unyielding commitment to their community, they have carved out a formidable presence in South Tahoma. THE AFTER EVENTS OF THE GAETANOS The Gaetanos: A New Chapter - 1900 In the picturesque city of Naples, Niccolo Gaetano enjoys a tranquil life with his beautiful wife, Natalina, and their young children. Their days are filled with happiness and the serenity of family life, a stark contrast to the tumultuous journey Niccolo once endured in South Tahoma. However, while Niccolo relishes his well-earned peace, one crucial piece of the Gaetano puzzle remains across the ocean in Saint Denis: his beloved younger sister, Ginevra. The Matriarch Rises GINEVRA GAETANO , once regarded as a princess, now stands as LA MATRONA, the Matriarch. Tasked with upholding the Gaetano legacy in America, Ginevra's transformation from a cherished sister to a formidable leader is nothing short of extraordinary. With Niccolo's departure, the mantle of leadership fell upon her capable shoulders. She now commands the GAETANO CLAN with a blend of grace and iron will, embodying the spirit and determination of her family. For a time, it seemed as though the connection to Naples had been severed. The bustling streets of Saint Denis were devoid of news from the homeland, leaving Ginevra to navigate the complexities of her role alone. But tales of Niccolo's exploits and the promise of opportunity still lingered, inspiring hope in those who remained loyal to the Gaetano name. A New Generation Arrives Moved by Niccolo's stories and the allure of a legacy waiting to be claimed, a small group of GAETANO COUSINS AND SIBLINGS set sail for the land of opportunities. Their journey began at Ellis Island, New York, where they were greeted by a blend of awe and reality. The American dream was far from glamorous, but their resilience, honed in the streets of Naples, guided them through the initial challenges. Old friends of Niccolo emerged to assist them, easing their transition into the American way of life. Survival instincts sharpened, they quickly adapted and gathered the resources needed to make their way to South Tahoma. Reunited and Reborn Their journey culminated at a saloon in Saint Denis, where they were met by La Matrona herself, Ginevra Gaetano. The woman who stood before them was no longer the young girl they remembered. Ginevra had grown into a shrewd and determined leader, fully aware of what she wanted and how to achieve it. The reunion was bittersweet, filled with memories of their shared past and the stark realities of their present. With Ginevra's guidance, the newcomers swiftly integrated into the fabric of South Tahoma. They scouted the city, identifying key figures and reestablishing connections essential for the revival of their clan. They had found the new hand that lays over the JEWEL OF LEMOYNE , Saint Denis itself, and sealed the deal. Now being part of the MALGERI CONNECTION, they've been giving a new chance. The LEGACY of the Gaetano Clan, once dimmed, began to glow brightly once more. The Rebirth of the Gaetano Clan United by blood and purpose, the Gaetanos stand poised to reclaim their former glory. Their journey is one of resilience and ambition, driven by a shared commitment to their family's honor and legacy. As they rebuild their empire in South Tahoma, they blend the traditions of Naples with the opportunities of America, forging a path that honors their past while embracing the future. A NEW ERA THE OLD TIMES RECRUITMENT AND OOC

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 𝐼𝓃 𝓈𝒽𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓌𝓈 𝒹𝑒𝑒𝓅 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝓋𝒶𝓁𝓁𝑒𝓎𝓈 𝓌𝒾𝒹𝑒, 𝒲𝒽𝑒𝓇𝑒 𝓈𝓊𝓃𝓁𝒾𝑔𝒽𝓉 𝒻𝒶𝒹𝑒𝓈 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝒹𝓇𝑒𝒶𝓂𝓈 𝓇𝑒𝓈𝒾𝒹𝑒, 𝒜 𝓌𝒽𝒾𝓈𝓅𝑒𝓇 𝓈𝓉𝒾𝓇𝓈, 𝒶 𝒸𝒽𝒾𝓁𝓁𝒾𝓃𝑔 𝒻𝑜𝓇𝒸𝑒, 𝐹𝑜𝓇 𝒹𝑒𝒶𝓉𝒽 𝓇𝒾𝒹𝑒𝓈 𝒻𝑜𝓇𝓉𝒽 𝓊𝓅𝑜𝓃 𝒶 𝓅𝒶𝓁𝑒 𝒽𝑜𝓇𝓈𝑒. 𝒲𝒾𝓉𝒽 𝑒𝓎𝑒𝓈 𝓁𝒾𝓀𝑒 𝓋𝑜𝒾𝒹𝓈, 𝒹𝑒𝓋𝑜𝒾𝒹 𝑜𝒻 𝓁𝒾𝑔𝒽𝓉, 𝐼𝓉 𝓇𝑜𝒶𝓂𝓈 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝑒𝒶𝓇𝓉𝒽 𝒾𝓃 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒹𝑒𝒶𝒹 𝑜𝒻 𝓃𝒾𝑔𝒽𝓉, 𝒜 𝒽𝒶𝓇𝒷𝒾𝓃𝑔𝑒𝓇 𝑜𝒻 𝑒𝓃𝒹𝓈 𝓊𝓃𝓈𝑒𝑒𝓃, 𝒜 𝓈𝓅𝑒𝒸𝓉𝑒𝓇 𝒸𝓁𝒶𝒹 𝒾𝓃 𝑔𝒽𝑜𝓈𝓉𝓁𝓎 𝓈𝒽𝑒𝑒𝓃. 𝒯𝒽𝑒 𝓌𝒾𝓃𝒹𝓈 𝑔𝓇𝑜𝓌 𝓈𝓉𝒾𝓁𝓁, 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒶𝒾𝓇 𝓉𝓊𝓇𝓃𝓈 𝒸𝑜𝓁𝒹, 𝒜𝓈 𝓉𝒶𝓁𝑒𝓈 𝑜𝒻 𝓈𝑜𝓇𝓇𝑜𝓌, 𝒹𝑒𝒶𝓉𝒽 𝓊𝓃𝒻𝑜𝓁𝒹𝓈, 𝒜𝓈𝓉𝓇𝒾𝒹𝑒 𝒾𝓉𝓈 𝓈𝓉𝑒𝑒𝒹 𝑜𝒻 𝑔𝒽𝒶𝓈𝓉𝓁𝓎 𝓌𝒽𝒾𝓉𝑒, 𝐼𝓉 𝑔𝒶𝓁𝓁𝑜𝓅𝓈 𝒻𝑜𝓇𝓉𝒽, 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝑒𝓃𝒹 𝒾𝓃 𝓈𝒾𝑔𝒽𝓉. 𝐼𝓃 𝓈𝒾𝓁𝑒𝓃𝓉 𝓉𝑜𝓌𝓃𝓈 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝒻𝒾𝑒𝓁𝒹𝓈 𝑜𝓃𝒸𝑒 𝑔𝓇𝑒𝑒𝓃, 𝒲𝒽𝑒𝓇𝑒 𝓁𝒾𝒻𝑒 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝒿𝑜𝓎 𝓌𝑒𝓇𝑒 𝒷𝓇𝒾𝑔𝒽𝓉𝓁𝓎 𝓈𝑒𝑒𝓃, 𝒜 𝓅𝒶𝓁𝓁𝑜𝓇 𝓈𝓅𝓇𝑒𝒶𝒹𝓈, 𝒶 𝓈𝒽𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓌’𝓈 𝒸𝑜𝓊𝓇𝓈𝑒, 𝒜𝓈 𝒹𝑒𝒶𝓉𝒽 𝓇𝒾𝒹𝑒𝓈 𝒻𝑜𝓇𝓉𝒽 𝓊𝓅𝑜𝓃 𝒶 𝓅𝒶𝓁𝑒 𝒽𝑜𝓇𝓈𝑒. 𝒩𝑜 𝓌𝒶𝓁𝓁𝓈 𝒸𝒶𝓃 𝒷𝒶𝓇 𝒾𝓉𝓈 𝓈𝒾𝓁𝑒𝓃𝓉 𝓉𝓇𝑒𝒶𝒹, 𝒩𝑜 𝓅𝓇𝒶𝓎𝑒𝓇𝓈 𝒸𝒶𝓃 𝓈𝓉𝒾𝓁𝓁 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒻𝑒𝒶𝓇 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝒹𝓇𝑒𝒶𝒹, 𝒲𝒾𝓉𝒽 𝑒𝓋𝑒𝓇𝓎 𝒽𝑜𝑜𝒻𝒷𝑒𝒶𝓉, 𝑒𝒸𝒽𝑜𝑒𝓈 𝓇𝒾𝓈𝑒, 𝒪𝒻 𝒸𝑜𝓊𝓃𝓉𝓁𝑒𝓈𝓈 𝓈𝑜𝓊𝓁𝓈, 𝓉𝒽𝑒𝒾𝓇 𝓂𝑜𝓊𝓇𝓃𝒻𝓊𝓁 𝒸𝓇𝒾𝑒𝓈. 𝒯𝒽𝑒 𝓎𝑜𝓊𝓃𝑔, 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝑜𝓁𝒹, 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒷𝓇𝒶𝓋𝑒, 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝓂𝑒𝑒𝓀, 𝒜𝓁𝓁 𝒽𝑒𝒶𝓇 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒸𝒶𝓁𝓁, 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝓈𝒾𝓁𝑒𝓃𝓉 𝓈𝓅𝑒𝒶𝓀, 𝐼𝓃 𝓂𝑜𝓂𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓈 𝒻𝓁𝑒𝑒𝓉𝒾𝓃𝑔, 𝓁𝒾𝓋𝑒𝓈 𝒶𝓇𝑒 𝓁𝑜𝓈𝓉, 𝒜𝓈 𝒹𝑒𝒶𝓉𝒽 𝓇𝒾𝒹𝑒𝓈 𝒻𝑜𝓇𝓉𝒽, 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒻𝒾𝓃𝒶𝓁 𝒸𝑜𝓈𝓉. 𝐵𝓊𝓉 𝒾𝓃 𝒾𝓉𝓈 𝓌𝒶𝓀𝑒, 𝒶 𝓉𝓇𝓊𝓉𝒽 𝒾𝓈 𝒻𝑜𝓊𝓃𝒹, 𝐼𝓃 𝓌𝒽𝒾𝓈𝓅𝑒𝓇𝓈 𝓈𝑜𝒻𝓉, 𝓌𝒾𝓉𝒽𝑜𝓊𝓉 𝒶 𝓈𝑜𝓊𝓃𝒹, 𝐹𝑜𝓇 𝓁𝒾𝒻𝑒’𝓈 𝒶 𝒿𝑜𝓊𝓇𝓃𝑒𝓎, 𝒷𝓇𝒾𝑒𝒻 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝒷𝓇𝒾𝑔𝒽𝓉, 𝒜 𝒻𝓁𝑒𝑒𝓉𝒾𝓃𝑔 𝒹𝒶𝓃𝒸𝑒 '𝓉𝓌𝒾𝓍𝓉 𝒹𝒶𝓎 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝓃𝒾𝑔𝒽𝓉. 𝒮𝑜 𝒽𝑜𝓁𝒹 𝓎𝑜𝓊𝓇 𝓁𝑜𝓋𝑒𝒹 𝑜𝓃𝑒𝓈, 𝒸𝒽𝑒𝓇𝒾𝓈𝒽 𝓃𝑒𝒶𝓇, 𝐹𝑜𝓇 𝓉𝒾𝓂𝑒 𝒾𝓈 𝓈𝓌𝒾𝒻𝓉, 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝒹𝑒𝒶𝓉𝒽 𝒾𝓈 𝒸𝓁𝑒𝒶𝓇, 𝒴𝑒𝓉 𝒾𝓃 𝑜𝓊𝓇 𝒽𝑒𝒶𝓇𝓉𝓈, 𝓁𝑜𝓋𝑒 𝒽𝑜𝓁𝒹𝓈 𝒾𝓉𝓈 𝒸𝑜𝓊𝓇𝓈𝑒, 𝐸𝓋𝑒𝓃 𝒶𝓈 𝒹𝑒𝒶𝓉𝒽 𝓇𝒾𝒹𝑒𝓈 𝒶 𝓅𝒶𝓁𝑒 𝒽𝑜𝓇𝓈𝑒. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙒𝙝𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙠𝙚𝙧 𝘽𝙤𝙧𝙣: 𝙁𝙚𝙗𝙧𝙪𝙖𝙧𝙮 15, 1845, 𝙉𝙚𝙬 𝙔𝙤𝙧𝙠 𝘾𝙞𝙩𝙮, 𝙉𝙚𝙬 𝙔𝙤𝙧𝙠, 𝙐𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙎𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙨 𝙉𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙮: 𝙄𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙝-𝘼𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙊𝙘𝙘𝙪𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣: 𝙋𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙘𝙝𝙚𝙧 𝙆𝙣𝙤𝙬𝙣 𝙛𝙤𝙧: 𝘾𝙮𝙣𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙫𝙞𝙚𝙬𝙨, 𝙢𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙨𝙚𝙧𝙫𝙞𝙘𝙚 𝙙𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙄𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙖𝙣 𝙒𝙖𝙧𝙨, 𝙖𝙙𝙫𝙤𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖𝙜𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙩 𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙩𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙀𝙖𝙧𝙡𝙮 𝙇𝙞𝙛𝙚 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙒𝙝𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙠𝙚𝙧 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙗𝙤𝙧𝙣 𝙤𝙣 𝙁𝙚𝙗𝙧𝙪𝙖𝙧𝙮 15, 1845, 𝙞𝙣 𝙉𝙚𝙬 𝙔𝙤𝙧𝙠 𝘾𝙞𝙩𝙮, 𝙉𝙚𝙬 𝙔𝙤𝙧𝙠, 𝙩𝙤 𝙄𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙝 𝙞𝙢𝙢𝙞𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙨 𝙬𝙝𝙤 𝙛𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙂𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙩 𝙁𝙖𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙚. 𝙃𝙞𝙨 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙨, 𝙋𝙖𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙠 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙈𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙒𝙝𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙠𝙚𝙧, 𝙨𝙚𝙩𝙩𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙁𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙋𝙤𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙨 𝙣𝙚𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙗𝙤𝙧𝙝𝙤𝙤𝙙, 𝙖 𝙣𝙤𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙞𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙨𝙡𝙪𝙢 𝙩𝙚𝙚𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙢𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙥𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙮. 𝙂𝙧𝙤𝙬𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙪𝙥 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙚𝙣𝙫𝙞𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩, 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙚𝙭𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙨𝙝 𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙡𝙞𝙛𝙚 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙖 𝙮𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙜 𝙖𝙜𝙚. 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙨𝙦𝙪𝙖𝙡𝙤𝙧 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙙𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙞𝙧 𝙤𝙛 𝙁𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙋𝙤𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙨 𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙝𝙞𝙢 𝙖 𝙙𝙚𝙚𝙥 𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖 𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙞𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙚 𝙩𝙤𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙙𝙨 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙣. 𝙋𝙖𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙠 𝙒𝙝𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙠𝙚𝙧 𝙬𝙤𝙧𝙠𝙚𝙙 𝙖𝙨 𝙖 𝙡𝙖𝙗𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙧, 𝙤𝙛𝙩𝙚𝙣 𝙩𝙖𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙤𝙣 𝙢𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙞𝙥𝙡𝙚 𝙟𝙤𝙗𝙨 𝙩𝙤 𝙨𝙪𝙥𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙞𝙡𝙮, 𝙬𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙚 𝙈𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙩𝙤𝙤𝙠 𝙞𝙣 𝙡𝙖𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙧𝙮 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙨𝙚𝙬𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙬𝙤𝙧𝙠. 𝘿𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙞𝙩𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙚𝙛𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙨, 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙞𝙡𝙮 𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙪𝙜𝙜𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙢𝙖𝙠𝙚 𝙚𝙣𝙙𝙨 𝙢𝙚𝙚𝙩. 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝘾𝙖𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙡𝙞𝙘 𝘾𝙝𝙪𝙧𝙘𝙝 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙮𝙚𝙙 𝙖 𝙨𝙞𝙜𝙣𝙞𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙧𝙤𝙡𝙚 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙡𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙄𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙝 𝙞𝙢𝙢𝙞𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙨, 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙫𝙞𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖 𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙢𝙪𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙨𝙪𝙥𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩. 𝙃𝙤𝙬𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙧, 𝙮𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙜 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙗𝙚𝙜𝙖𝙣 𝙩𝙤 𝙨𝙚𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙚𝙩𝙬𝙚𝙚𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝘾𝙝𝙪𝙧𝙘𝙝’𝙨 𝙩𝙚𝙖𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙜𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙞𝙩𝙨 𝙡𝙚𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨. 𝙃𝙚 𝙤𝙛𝙩𝙚𝙣 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙥𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙨 𝙡𝙞𝙫𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙖𝙗𝙡𝙮 𝙬𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙝𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙨𝙪𝙛𝙛𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙙, 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙨𝙚𝙚𝙙𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙛𝙪𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚 𝙨𝙠𝙚𝙥𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙢. 𝙈𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙎𝙚𝙧𝙫𝙞𝙘𝙚 𝙄𝙣 1861, 𝙖𝙩 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙖𝙜𝙚 𝙤𝙛 16, 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙚𝙣𝙡𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙐𝙣𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝘼𝙧𝙢𝙮 𝙙𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝘼𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝘾𝙞𝙫𝙞𝙡 𝙒𝙖𝙧. 𝙃𝙚 𝙟𝙤𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 69𝙩𝙝 𝙉𝙚𝙬 𝙔𝙤𝙧𝙠 𝙄𝙣𝙛𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙮, 𝙖𝙣 𝙄𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙝 𝙧𝙚𝙜𝙞𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙠𝙣𝙤𝙬𝙣 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙞𝙩𝙨 𝙗𝙧𝙖𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙛𝙞𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙚 𝙛𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙨𝙥𝙞𝙧𝙞𝙩. 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙜𝙞𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙙 𝙄𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙝 𝘽𝙧𝙞𝙜𝙖𝙙𝙚, 𝙬𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙝 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙮𝙚𝙙 𝙖 𝙘𝙧𝙪𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙧𝙤𝙡𝙚 𝙞𝙣 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙮 𝙨𝙞𝙜𝙣𝙞𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙗𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙡𝙚𝙨. 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙨𝙝 𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙬𝙖𝙧 𝙦𝙪𝙞𝙘𝙠𝙡𝙮 𝙙𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙯𝙚𝙙 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙩𝙤 𝙫𝙞𝙤𝙡𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙨𝙪𝙛𝙛𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜. 𝙃𝙚 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙣𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙗𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙡𝙚𝙨, 𝙞𝙣𝙘𝙡𝙪𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙚𝙩𝙖𝙢, 𝙁𝙧𝙚𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙠𝙨𝙗𝙪𝙧𝙜, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙂𝙚𝙩𝙩𝙮𝙨𝙗𝙪𝙧𝙜. 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙨𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙤𝙙𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙙𝙚𝙖𝙩𝙝 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙛𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙡𝙮 𝙖𝙛𝙛𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙝𝙞𝙢. 𝘿𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙞𝙩𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙘𝙖𝙢𝙖𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙚 𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙜 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙛𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬 𝙨𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙚𝙧𝙨, 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙗𝙚𝙜𝙖𝙣 𝙩𝙤 𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙪𝙧𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙬𝙖𝙧 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙧𝙤𝙡𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙞𝙣 𝙟𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙛𝙮𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙫𝙞𝙤𝙡𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚. 𝘿𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝘽𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙡𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙚𝙩𝙖𝙢, 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙚𝙭𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚𝙙 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙛𝙞𝙧𝙨𝙩 𝙢𝙖𝙟𝙤𝙧 𝙗𝙧𝙪𝙨𝙝 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙙𝙚𝙖𝙩𝙝. 𝙃𝙚 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙖 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙡 𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙪𝙡𝙩 𝙤𝙣 𝘾𝙤𝙣𝙛𝙚𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨 𝙖𝙩 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙎𝙪𝙣𝙠𝙚𝙣 𝙍𝙤𝙖𝙙, 𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙠𝙣𝙤𝙬𝙣 𝙖𝙨 𝘽𝙡𝙤𝙤𝙙𝙮 𝙇𝙖𝙣𝙚. 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙜𝙞𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙨𝙪𝙛𝙛𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙙 𝙝𝙚𝙖𝙫𝙮 𝙘𝙖𝙨𝙪𝙖𝙡𝙩𝙞𝙚𝙨, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙬𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙡𝙚𝙜. 𝘼𝙨 𝙝𝙚 𝙡𝙖𝙮 𝙤𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙗𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙡𝙚𝙛𝙞𝙚𝙡𝙙, 𝙨𝙪𝙧𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙙𝙚𝙖𝙙 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙙𝙮𝙞𝙣𝙜, 𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙧𝙖𝙮𝙚𝙙 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙞𝙧𝙨𝙩 𝙩𝙞𝙢𝙚 𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙝𝙤𝙤𝙙. 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙡𝙖𝙘𝙠 𝙤𝙛 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙤𝙣𝙨𝙚 𝙤𝙣𝙡𝙮 𝙙𝙚𝙚𝙥𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙙 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙙𝙤𝙪𝙗𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙗𝙤𝙪𝙩 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙚𝙭𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙖 𝙗𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙫𝙤𝙡𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙙𝙚𝙞𝙩𝙮. 𝙋𝙤𝙨𝙩-𝘾𝙞𝙫𝙞𝙡 𝙒𝙖𝙧 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙄𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙖𝙣 𝙒𝙖𝙧𝙨 𝙁𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝘾𝙞𝙫𝙞𝙡 𝙒𝙖𝙧, 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙 𝙞𝙩 𝙙𝙞𝙛𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙩 𝙩𝙤 𝙧𝙚𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙤 𝙘𝙞𝙫𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙖𝙣 𝙡𝙞𝙛𝙚. 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙝𝙤𝙧𝙧𝙤𝙧𝙨 𝙝𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙙 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙡𝙚𝙛𝙩 𝙝𝙞𝙢 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙪𝙨𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙚𝙙 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙡𝙚𝙨𝙨. 𝙄𝙣 1867, 𝙝𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙚𝙣𝙡𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙮, 𝙨𝙚𝙚𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖 𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙥𝙪𝙧𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙚. 𝙃𝙚 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙞𝙜𝙣𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙩𝙝𝙚 7𝙩𝙝 𝘾𝙖𝙫𝙖𝙡𝙧𝙮 𝙍𝙚𝙜𝙞𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝘾𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙣𝙚𝙡 𝙂𝙚𝙤𝙧𝙜𝙚 𝘼𝙧𝙢𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙜 𝘾𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙧, 𝙖 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙛𝙞𝙜𝙪𝙧𝙚 𝙠𝙣𝙤𝙬𝙣 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙖𝙜𝙜𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙩𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙨. 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙨𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙘𝙖𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙞𝙜𝙣𝙨 𝙙𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙄𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙖𝙣 𝙒𝙖𝙧𝙨, 𝙖 𝙨𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙛𝙡𝙞𝙘𝙩𝙨 𝙗𝙚𝙩𝙬𝙚𝙚𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙐𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙎𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙫𝙖𝙧𝙞𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙉𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝘼𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙗𝙚𝙨. 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙗𝙧𝙪𝙩𝙖𝙡 𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙨𝙚 𝙘𝙖𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙞𝙜𝙣𝙨 𝙛𝙪𝙧𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧 𝙚𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙚𝙙 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙛𝙖𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙞𝙣 𝙝𝙪𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙣. 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙖𝙧𝙡𝙮 𝙖𝙛𝙛𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙩𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙨 𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙤𝙮𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙢𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙧𝙮, 𝙬𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙝 𝙤𝙛𝙩𝙚𝙣 𝙞𝙣𝙫𝙤𝙡𝙫𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙠𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙤𝙛 𝙬𝙤𝙢𝙚𝙣 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙧𝙚𝙣. 𝙄𝙣 1876, 𝙙𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝘽𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙡𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙇𝙞𝙩𝙩𝙡𝙚 𝘽𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙤𝙧𝙣, 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙨𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙮 𝙬𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙙. 𝙃𝙞𝙨 𝙪𝙣𝙞𝙩 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙖𝙢𝙗𝙪𝙨𝙝𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮 𝙖 𝙘𝙤𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝙇𝙖𝙠𝙤𝙩𝙖, 𝙉𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙣 𝘾𝙝𝙚𝙮𝙚𝙣𝙣𝙚, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝘼𝙧𝙖𝙥𝙖𝙝𝙤 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙧𝙞𝙤𝙧𝙨. 𝘿𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙧𝙚𝙩𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙩, 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙪𝙘𝙠 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙝𝙚𝙖𝙙 𝙗𝙮 𝙖 𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙖𝙝𝙖𝙬𝙠, 𝙡𝙚𝙖𝙫𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙝𝙞𝙢 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙖 𝙙𝙚𝙚𝙥 𝙨𝙘𝙖𝙧 𝙖𝙘𝙧𝙤𝙨𝙨 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙝𝙚𝙖𝙙 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙘𝙖𝙪𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙗𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙨 𝙞𝙣 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙡𝙚𝙛𝙩 𝙚𝙮𝙚. 𝙃𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙨𝙤 𝙨𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙙 𝙣𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧 𝙞𝙣𝙟𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙨, 𝙞𝙣𝙘𝙡𝙪𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖 𝙣𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙡𝙮 𝙨𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙙 𝙚𝙖𝙧 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙢𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙞𝙥𝙡𝙚 𝙘𝙪𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙗𝙧𝙪𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨. 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙡𝙚𝙛𝙩 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙙𝙚𝙖𝙙 𝙤𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙗𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙡𝙚𝙛𝙞𝙚𝙡𝙙 𝙗𝙪𝙩 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙛𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙘𝙪𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮 𝙖 𝙜𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙥 𝙤𝙛 𝘾𝙧𝙤𝙬 𝙨𝙘𝙤𝙪𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙚𝙙 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙐.𝙎. 𝘼𝙧𝙢𝙮. 𝙃𝙚 𝙨𝙥𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙨𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙝𝙨 𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙞𝙣 𝙖 𝙢𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙝𝙤𝙨𝙥𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙡, 𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙝𝙚 𝙚𝙭𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚𝙙 𝙚𝙭𝙘𝙧𝙪𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙥𝙖𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙤𝙣𝙨𝙚𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙛𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙 𝙘𝙮𝙣𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙢. 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙝𝙮𝙨𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙨𝙘𝙖𝙧𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙞𝙣𝙟𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙖 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙧𝙚𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙗𝙧𝙪𝙩𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙤𝙛 𝙬𝙖𝙧 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙤𝙛 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙖𝙞𝙩𝙝. 𝘿𝙞𝙨𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙪𝙨𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙋𝙖𝙩𝙝 𝙩𝙤 𝙋𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝘼𝙛𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙜𝙚 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙮 𝙞𝙣 1877, 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙧𝙚𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙣𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙉𝙚𝙬 𝙔𝙤𝙧𝙠, 𝙗𝙪𝙩 𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙 𝙞𝙩 𝙞𝙢𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙨𝙞𝙗𝙡𝙚 𝙩𝙤 𝙚𝙨𝙘𝙖𝙥𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙢𝙚𝙢𝙤𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙬𝙖𝙧. 𝙃𝙚 𝙬𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙙 𝙖𝙞𝙢𝙡𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙡𝙮 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙨𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙮𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙨, 𝙙𝙧𝙞𝙛𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙩𝙤𝙬𝙣 𝙩𝙤 𝙩𝙤𝙬𝙣 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙖𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙤𝙣 𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙟𝙤𝙗𝙨 𝙩𝙤 𝙨𝙪𝙧𝙫𝙞𝙫𝙚. 𝘿𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙤𝙙, 𝙝𝙚 𝙙𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙡𝙤𝙥𝙚𝙙 𝙖 𝙙𝙚𝙚𝙥-𝙨𝙚𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙚𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 "𝙂𝙤𝙙 𝙞𝙨 𝙙𝙚𝙖𝙙" 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙖 𝙩𝙤𝙤𝙡 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙨𝙚 𝙞𝙣 𝙥𝙤𝙬𝙚𝙧 𝙩𝙤 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙢𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙚𝙨. 𝙄𝙣 1881, 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙 𝙝𝙞𝙢𝙨𝙚𝙡𝙛 𝙞𝙣 𝘾𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙜𝙤, 𝙄𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙤𝙞𝙨, 𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙝𝙚 𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙙 𝙖 𝙨𝙢𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙜𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙥 𝙤𝙛 𝙡𝙞𝙠𝙚-𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙫𝙞𝙙𝙪𝙖𝙡𝙨 𝙬𝙝𝙤 𝙨𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙙 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙪𝙨𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙣. 𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙮 𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙙 𝙖 𝙡𝙤𝙤𝙨𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙜𝙧𝙚𝙜𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙢𝙚𝙩 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙗𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙤𝙣𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙪𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙘𝙪𝙨𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙥𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙤𝙨𝙤𝙥𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙜𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙞𝙙𝙚𝙖𝙨. 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙜𝙚𝙙 𝙖𝙨 𝙖 𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙡𝙚𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧, 𝙪𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙚𝙡𝙤𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙢𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙚𝙭𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙩𝙤 𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙨𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙙 𝙜𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙫𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙚𝙨. 𝘿𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙞𝙩𝙚 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙧𝙚𝙟𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙗𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙚𝙛𝙨, 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙗𝙚𝙜𝙖𝙣 𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙘𝙝. 𝙃𝙞𝙨 𝙨𝙚𝙧𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙨 𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙪𝙣𝙡𝙞𝙠𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙮 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙨, 𝙛𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙘𝙮𝙣𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙢 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖 𝙘𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙚𝙣𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙣 𝙗𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙙 𝙛𝙖𝙞𝙩𝙝. 𝙃𝙚 𝙖𝙧𝙜𝙪𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙩𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙖 𝙨𝙝𝙖𝙢, 𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙥𝙚𝙩𝙪𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮 𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙧𝙪𝙥𝙩 𝙡𝙚𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙬𝙝𝙤 𝙚𝙭𝙥𝙡𝙤𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙛𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙨. 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙘𝙝𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙩𝙧𝙪𝙚 𝙨𝙖𝙡𝙫𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙘𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙙 𝙤𝙣𝙡𝙮 𝙗𝙚 𝙛𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙜𝙝 𝙨𝙚𝙡𝙛-𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙟𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝙛𝙖𝙡𝙨𝙚 𝙞𝙙𝙤𝙡𝙨. 𝘼𝙧𝙜𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙍𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙣: 𝙁𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝘾𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙫𝙨. 𝙁𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝘾𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩 𝘿𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙩𝙞𝙢𝙚 𝙞𝙣 𝘾𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙜𝙤, 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙤𝙛𝙩𝙚𝙣 𝙚𝙣𝙜𝙖𝙜𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙙𝙚𝙗𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙘𝙪𝙨𝙨𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙬𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙞𝙩 𝙢𝙚𝙖𝙣𝙨 𝙩𝙤 𝙗𝙚 𝙖 𝘾𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙣. 𝙃𝙚 𝙖𝙧𝙜𝙪𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙮 𝙥𝙚𝙤𝙥𝙡𝙚 𝙞𝙙𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙛𝙞𝙚𝙙 𝙖𝙨 𝘾𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙨 𝙨𝙞𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙮 𝙗𝙚𝙘𝙖𝙪𝙨𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙮 𝙖𝙙𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙪𝙖𝙡𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙙𝙤𝙘𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙤𝙧𝙜𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙯𝙚𝙙 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝘾𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙮. 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙩𝙧𝙪𝙚 𝘾𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙖𝙗𝙤𝙪𝙩 𝙛𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙖𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙜𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙚𝙭𝙖𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙅𝙚𝙨𝙪𝙨 𝘾𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩, 𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙣 𝙗𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙡𝙮 𝙛𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙩𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣. 𝙏𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙖𝙧𝙜𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙗𝙚𝙘𝙖𝙢𝙚 𝙖 𝙘𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙢𝙚 𝙞𝙣 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨' 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙜. 𝙃𝙚 𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙚𝙙 𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧 𝙥𝙚𝙤𝙥𝙡𝙚 𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝘾𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙨 𝙗𝙚𝙘𝙖𝙪𝙨𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙮 𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙛𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝘾𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙤𝙧 𝙗𝙚𝙘𝙖𝙪𝙨𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙮 𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙛𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝘾𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩 𝙝𝙞𝙢𝙨𝙚𝙡𝙛. 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙝𝙖𝙨𝙞𝙯𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙞𝙢𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙖 𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨𝙝𝙞𝙥 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝘾𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩, 𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙘𝙚𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙩𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙯𝙚𝙙 𝙥𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝘾𝙝𝙪𝙧𝙘𝙝. 𝙃𝙚 𝙗𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙮 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙡𝙚𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙢𝙤𝙧𝙚 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙢𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙤𝙬𝙚𝙧 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙣 𝙞𝙣 𝙜𝙚𝙣𝙪𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙡𝙮 𝙝𝙚𝙡𝙥𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙛𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙛𝙞𝙣𝙙 𝙨𝙥𝙞𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙪𝙖𝙡 𝙛𝙪𝙡𝙛𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩. 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨' 𝙢𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙜𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙨𝙚 𝙬𝙝𝙤 𝙛𝙚𝙡𝙩 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙛𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙩𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨. 𝙃𝙚 𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙖 𝙙𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙥 𝙤𝙛 𝙛𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙬𝙝𝙤 𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙨𝙚𝙚𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖 𝙢𝙤𝙧𝙚 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙣𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙩𝙤 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙛𝙖𝙞𝙩𝙝. 𝙃𝙞𝙨 𝙩𝙚𝙖𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙜𝙨 𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙗𝙡𝙞𝙨𝙝𝙚𝙙 𝙣𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙜𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙫𝙞𝙙𝙪𝙖𝙡𝙨 𝙩𝙤 𝙨𝙚𝙚𝙠 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙤𝙬𝙣 𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙝 𝙩𝙤 𝙨𝙥𝙞𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙪𝙖𝙡 𝙚𝙣𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩. 𝙈𝙤𝙫𝙚 𝙩𝙤 𝙎𝙤𝙪𝙩𝙝 𝙏𝙖𝙝𝙤𝙢𝙖 𝙄𝙣 1900, 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨 𝙙𝙚𝙘𝙞𝙙𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙡𝙚𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝘾𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙜𝙤 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙨𝙚𝙚𝙠 𝙖 𝙛𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙝 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙧𝙩. 𝙃𝙚 𝙢𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙎𝙤𝙪𝙩𝙝 𝙏𝙖𝙝𝙤𝙢𝙖, 𝙖 𝙧𝙪𝙜𝙜𝙚𝙙 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙨𝙚𝙡𝙮 𝙥𝙤𝙥𝙪𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙧𝙚𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙠𝙣𝙤𝙬𝙣 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙞𝙩𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙚𝙧 𝙨𝙥𝙞𝙧𝙞𝙩. 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙖'𝙨 𝙞𝙨𝙤𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙚𝙖𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙚𝙪𝙨, 𝙤𝙛𝙛𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙝𝙞𝙢 𝙖 𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙩𝙤 𝙚𝙨𝙘𝙖𝙥𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙞𝙣𝙜𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙪𝙧𝙗𝙖𝙣 𝙡𝙞𝙛𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙪𝙚 𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙪𝙣𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙫𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙮. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

𝙸𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚑𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚝 𝚘𝚏 𝙻𝚎𝚖𝚘𝚢𝚗𝚎, 𝚠𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚎 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚋𝚊𝚢𝚘𝚞 𝚠𝚑𝚒𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚝𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚂𝚙𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚑 𝚖𝚘𝚜𝚜 𝚑𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚜 𝚕𝚒𝚔𝚎 𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚜, 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚎 𝚕𝚞𝚛𝚔𝚎𝚍 𝚊 𝚏𝚒𝚐𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚍𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚍. 𝚃𝚑𝚎𝚢 𝚌𝚊𝚕𝚕𝚎𝚍 𝚑𝚒𝚖 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝙿𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝙴𝚡𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚛, 𝚊 𝚖𝚊𝚗 𝚠𝚑𝚘𝚜𝚎 𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚢 𝚗𝚊𝚖𝚎 𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚜𝚑𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜 𝚍𝚘𝚠𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚙𝚒𝚗𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚘𝚜𝚎 𝚠𝚑𝚘 𝚍𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚘 𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚊𝚔 𝚒𝚝. 𝙷𝚒𝚜 𝚗𝚊𝚖𝚎 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛, 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚑𝚎 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚗𝚘 𝚘𝚛𝚍𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚛𝚢 𝚖𝚊𝚗. 𝙷𝚎 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚊 𝚑𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚎𝚛 𝚘𝚏 𝚍𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑, 𝚊 𝚟𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚎𝚕 𝚘𝚏 𝚍𝚊𝚛𝚔𝚗𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚠𝚕𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚑𝚊𝚍𝚘𝚠𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚁𝚑𝚘𝚍𝚎𝚜, 𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚟𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚋𝚎𝚑𝚒𝚗𝚍 𝚊 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚕 𝚘𝚏 𝚋𝚕𝚘𝚘𝚍 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚘𝚛. 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚊 𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚎𝚛, 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎 𝚌𝚊𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚊 𝚜𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚛 𝚙𝚊𝚕𝚕 𝚘𝚟𝚎𝚛 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚘𝚗𝚌𝚎-𝚙𝚎𝚊𝚌𝚎𝚏𝚞𝚕 𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚗. 𝚆𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚎𝚊𝚌𝚑 𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚙, 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚐𝚛𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍 𝚜𝚎𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚕𝚎 𝚋𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚏𝚎𝚎𝚝, 𝚊𝚜 𝚒𝚏 𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚘𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚏𝚛𝚘𝚖 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚠𝚎𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝 𝚘𝚏 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚕𝚎𝚟𝚘𝚕𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎. 𝙷𝚒𝚜 𝚎𝚢𝚎𝚜 𝚋𝚞𝚛𝚗𝚎𝚍 𝚕𝚒𝚔𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚕𝚍 𝚏𝚒𝚛𝚎, 𝚙𝚒𝚎𝚛𝚌𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚑𝚛𝚘𝚞𝚐𝚑 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚟𝚎𝚒𝚕 𝚘𝚏 𝚗𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚊𝚗 𝚘𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚠𝚘𝚛𝚕𝚍𝚕𝚢 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚜𝚒𝚝𝚢. 𝙸𝚝 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚊𝚒𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚗𝚘𝚝 𝚋𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍 𝚋𝚢 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚕𝚊𝚠𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚖𝚊𝚗 𝚘𝚛 𝙶𝚘𝚍. 𝙷𝚎 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚊 𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚙𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚗𝚒𝚑𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚜𝚖, 𝚊 𝚋𝚎𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚠𝚑𝚘 𝚛𝚎𝚟𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚍 𝚒𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚌𝚑𝚊𝚘𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚜𝚞𝚏𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚘𝚏 𝚖𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚊𝚕 𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎. 𝙵𝚘𝚛 𝚑𝚒𝚖, 𝚖𝚞𝚛𝚍𝚎𝚛 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚗𝚘𝚝 𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚕𝚢 𝚊 𝚖𝚎𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝚝𝚘 𝚊𝚗 𝚎𝚗𝚍; 𝚒𝚝 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚊 𝚜𝚊𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚍 𝚛𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚊𝚕, 𝚊 𝚝𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚏𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚢 𝚘𝚏 𝚑𝚞𝚖𝚊𝚗 𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚊𝚟𝚘𝚛𝚜. 𝙾𝚗 𝚊 𝚖𝚘𝚘𝚗𝚕𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝚗𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝, 𝚠𝚑𝚎𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚍𝚊𝚛𝚔𝚗𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝚌𝚕𝚞𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚎𝚝𝚜 𝚕𝚒𝚔𝚎 𝚊 𝚜𝚞𝚏𝚏𝚘𝚌𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚜𝚑𝚛𝚘𝚞𝚍, 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚎𝚍 𝚏𝚛𝚘𝚖 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚙𝚝𝚑𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚕𝚊𝚒𝚛. 𝙷𝚒𝚜 𝚏𝚘𝚘𝚝𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚙𝚜 𝚎𝚌𝚑𝚘𝚎𝚍 𝚘𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚘𝚞𝚜𝚕𝚢 𝚊𝚐𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚜𝚝 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚋𝚋𝚕𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚜, 𝚎𝚊𝚌𝚑 𝚜𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍 𝚊 𝚑𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚎𝚛 𝚘𝚏 𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚍𝚘𝚘𝚖. 𝙸𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚑𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚝 𝚘𝚏 𝚁𝚑𝚘𝚍𝚎𝚜, 𝚋𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚌𝚕𝚘𝚊𝚔 𝚘𝚏 𝚍𝚊𝚛𝚔𝚗𝚎𝚜𝚜, 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝚏𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚢. 𝙰 𝚑𝚊𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝚜𝚘𝚞𝚕, 𝚞𝚗𝚊𝚠𝚊𝚛𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚏𝚊𝚝𝚎 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚊𝚠𝚊𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚍 𝚑𝚒𝚖, 𝚜𝚝𝚞𝚖𝚋𝚕𝚎𝚍 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚙𝚊𝚝𝚑 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝙿𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝙴𝚡𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚛. 𝚆𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚊 𝚏𝚕𝚒𝚌𝚔𝚎𝚛 𝚘𝚏 𝚖𝚊𝚍𝚗𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚒𝚗 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚎𝚢𝚎𝚜, 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚒𝚣𝚎𝚍 𝚞𝚙𝚘𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚘𝚙𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚝𝚢 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚐𝚕𝚎𝚎. 𝚃𝚑𝚎 𝚖𝚊𝚗 𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚍 𝚏𝚘𝚛 𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚌𝚢, 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚟𝚘𝚒𝚌𝚎 𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚏𝚎𝚊𝚛 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗, 𝚋𝚞𝚝 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚎𝚊𝚏 𝚝𝚘 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚌𝚛𝚒𝚎𝚜. 𝚃𝚘 𝚑𝚒𝚖, 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚖𝚊𝚗 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚗𝚘𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚖𝚘𝚛𝚎 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚗 𝚊 𝚙𝚞𝚙𝚙𝚎𝚝, 𝚊 𝚟𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚎𝚕 𝚝𝚘 𝚋𝚎 𝚍𝚒𝚜𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚍𝚎𝚍 𝚘𝚗𝚌𝚎 𝚒𝚝𝚜 𝚙𝚞𝚛𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚎 𝚑𝚊𝚍 𝚋𝚎𝚎𝚗 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚎𝚍. 𝚆𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚊 𝚜𝚠𝚒𝚏𝚝 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚌𝚒𝚕𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚔𝚎, 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝚜𝚗𝚞𝚏𝚏𝚎𝚍 𝚘𝚞𝚝 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚏𝚕𝚒𝚌𝚔𝚎𝚛 𝚘𝚏 𝚕𝚒𝚏𝚎 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚑𝚊𝚍 𝚋𝚞𝚛𝚗𝚎𝚍 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚖𝚊𝚗'𝚜 𝚜𝚘𝚞𝚕. 𝙱𝚕𝚘𝚘𝚍 𝚜𝚙𝚒𝚕𝚕𝚎𝚍 𝚕𝚒𝚔𝚎 𝚠𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚞𝚙𝚘𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚋𝚋𝚕𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚜, 𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚐𝚛𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚌𝚛𝚒𝚖𝚜𝚘𝚗 𝚑𝚞𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚜𝚒𝚗 𝙱𝚞𝚝 𝚏𝚘𝚛 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛, 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚖𝚞𝚛𝚍𝚎𝚛 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚘𝚛𝚎 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚗 𝚓𝚞𝚜𝚝 𝚊𝚗 𝚊𝚌𝚝 𝚘𝚏 𝚟𝚒𝚘𝚕𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎. 𝙸𝚝 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚊 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚌𝚕𝚊𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗, 𝚊 𝚍𝚎𝚌𝚕𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚘𝚏 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚊𝚞𝚝𝚑𝚘𝚛𝚒𝚝𝚢. 𝙸𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚎𝚢𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝙿𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝙴𝚡𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚛, 𝚑𝚎 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚗𝚘𝚝 𝚊 𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚎 𝚖𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚊𝚕 𝚋𝚞𝚝 𝚊 𝚐𝚘𝚍 𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚗𝚊𝚝𝚎, 𝚊 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚌𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚗𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚋𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚑𝚞𝚖𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚝𝚢. 𝙰𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚎𝚌𝚑𝚘𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚖'𝚜 𝚏𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚕 𝚌𝚛𝚒𝚎𝚜 𝚏𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚍 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚗𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝, 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚘𝚍 𝚝𝚊𝚕𝚕, 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚙𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝚟𝚒𝚜𝚊𝚐𝚎 𝚒𝚕𝚕𝚞𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚍 𝚋𝚢 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚙𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚖𝚘𝚘𝚗. 𝙸𝚗 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚎𝚢𝚎𝚜 𝚋𝚞𝚛𝚗𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚏𝚒𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚖𝚊𝚍𝚗𝚎𝚜𝚜, 𝚊 𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚖𝚊𝚕 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚌𝚎 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚍𝚎𝚏𝚒𝚎𝚍 𝚊𝚕𝚕 𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚘𝚗 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚕𝚘𝚐𝚒𝚌. 𝙰𝚗𝚍 𝚜𝚘, 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚕𝚎𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚍 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝙿𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝙴𝚡𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚛 𝚕𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚍 𝚘𝚗, 𝚊 𝚍𝚊𝚛𝚔 𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚎𝚛 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚑𝚊𝚞𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚗𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝𝚖𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚘𝚜𝚎 𝚠𝚑𝚘 𝚍𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚘 𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚜𝚜 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚙𝚊𝚝𝚑. 𝙵𝚘𝚛 𝚒𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚘𝚏 𝙻𝚎𝚖𝚘𝚢𝚗𝚎, 𝚠𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚎 𝚜𝚑𝚊𝚍𝚘𝚠𝚜 𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚝𝚞𝚗𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚍𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑, 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝚛𝚎𝚒𝚐𝚗𝚎𝚍 𝚜𝚞𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚖𝚎 𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚑𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚎𝚛 𝚘𝚏 𝚌𝚑𝚊𝚘𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚊𝚒𝚛. PRELUDE 𝙸𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚟𝚊𝚜𝚝 𝚎𝚡𝚙𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝙽𝚎𝚠 𝙰𝚞𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚗, 𝚠𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚎 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚗 𝚋𝚕𝚊𝚣𝚎𝚍 𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚌𝚒𝚕𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚕𝚢 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚜 𝚠𝚑𝚒𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚊𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚘𝚝𝚝𝚎𝚗 𝚜𝚘𝚞𝚕𝚜, 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚎 𝚛𝚘𝚊𝚖𝚎𝚍 𝚊 𝚏𝚒𝚐𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚍𝚊𝚛𝚔𝚗𝚎𝚜𝚜. 𝙷𝚎 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝙿𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝙴𝚡𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚛, 𝚊 𝚑𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚎𝚛 𝚘𝚏 𝚍𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑 𝚠𝚑𝚘𝚜𝚎 𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚢 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎 𝚌𝚊𝚜𝚝 𝚊 𝚜𝚑𝚊𝚍𝚘𝚠 𝚘𝚟𝚎𝚛 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚍 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚜𝚌𝚊𝚙𝚎. 𝙽𝚊𝚔𝚎𝚍 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚞𝚗𝚛𝚎𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚗𝚝, 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚘𝚕𝚊𝚝𝚎 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚕𝚜, 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚙𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝚜𝚔𝚒𝚗 𝚐𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚕𝚒𝚔𝚎 𝚊𝚕𝚊𝚋𝚊𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚛 𝚒𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚌𝚑𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚜𝚞𝚗. 𝙷𝚒𝚜 𝚏𝚘𝚘𝚝𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚙𝚜 𝚕𝚎𝚏𝚝 𝚗𝚘 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚌𝚎 𝚞𝚙𝚘𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚑𝚒𝚏𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚜𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚜, 𝚊𝚜 𝚒𝚏 𝚑𝚎 𝚠𝚎𝚛𝚎 𝚋𝚞𝚝 𝚊 𝚐𝚑𝚘𝚜𝚝 𝚑𝚊𝚞𝚗𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚋𝚊𝚛𝚛𝚎𝚗 𝚠𝚊𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚍. 𝙸𝚝 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚘𝚗 𝚘𝚗𝚎 𝚏𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚏𝚞𝚕 𝚍𝚊𝚢, 𝚋𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚠𝚎𝚕𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚑𝚎𝚊𝚝 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚝 𝚜𝚞𝚗, 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝙿𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝙴𝚡𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚛 𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚜𝚜𝚎𝚍 𝚙𝚊𝚝𝚑𝚜 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚊 𝚟𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚗 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝙽𝚎𝚠 𝙰𝚞𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚗 𝙲𝚊𝚟𝚊𝚕𝚛𝚢. 𝚃𝚑𝚎 𝚖𝚊𝚗, 𝚠𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚍 𝚋𝚢 𝚢𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚋𝚊𝚝𝚝𝚕𝚎 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚑𝚊𝚛𝚍𝚜𝚑𝚒𝚙, 𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚎 𝚊𝚕𝚘𝚗𝚎 𝚊𝚕𝚘𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚍𝚞𝚜𝚝𝚢 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚕, 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚎𝚍 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚛𝚢𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚠𝚎𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝 𝚘𝚏 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚠𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚢 𝚜𝚘𝚞𝚕. 𝚆𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚊 𝚏𝚕𝚒𝚌𝚔𝚎𝚛 𝚘𝚏 𝚖𝚊𝚍𝚗𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚒𝚗 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚎𝚢𝚎𝚜, 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚍 𝚞𝚙𝚘𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚞𝚗𝚜𝚞𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚟𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚗 𝚕𝚒𝚔𝚎 𝚊 𝚟𝚞𝚕𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚞𝚙𝚘𝚗 𝚒𝚝𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚢. 𝚆𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚊 𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚐𝚝𝚑 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚍𝚎𝚏𝚒𝚎𝚍 𝚖𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚊𝚕 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚑𝚎𝚗𝚜𝚒𝚘𝚗, 𝚑𝚎 𝚋𝚛𝚘𝚞𝚐𝚑𝚝 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚑𝚘𝚛𝚜𝚎 𝚌𝚛𝚊𝚜𝚑𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚐𝚛𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍, 𝚒𝚝𝚜 𝚖𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝𝚢 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖 𝚌𝚛𝚞𝚖𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚋𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚠𝚎𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝 𝚘𝚏 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚒𝚗𝚑𝚞𝚖𝚊𝚗 𝚙𝚘𝚠𝚎𝚛. 𝚃𝚑𝚎 𝚟𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚗, 𝚌𝚊𝚞𝚐𝚑𝚝 𝚘𝚏𝚏 𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚛𝚍 𝚋𝚢 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚍𝚍𝚎𝚗 𝚊𝚜𝚜𝚊𝚞𝚕𝚝, 𝚏𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍 𝚑𝚒𝚖𝚜𝚎𝚕𝚏 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚙𝚙𝚎𝚍 𝚋𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚏𝚊𝚕𝚕𝚎𝚗 𝚋𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚝, 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚕𝚎𝚐 𝚌𝚛𝚞𝚜𝚑𝚎𝚍 𝚋𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑 𝚒𝚝𝚜 𝚠𝚎𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝. 𝙰𝚐𝚘𝚗𝚢 𝚛𝚒𝚙𝚙𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚛𝚘𝚞𝚐𝚑 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚋𝚘𝚍𝚢 𝚕𝚒𝚔𝚎 𝚠𝚒𝚕𝚍𝚏𝚒𝚛𝚎, 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚞𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚑𝚒𝚖 𝚒𝚗 𝚊 𝚝𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚋𝚎𝚢𝚘𝚗𝚍 𝚠𝚘𝚛𝚍𝚜. 𝙰𝚗𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗, 𝚕𝚒𝚔𝚎 𝚊 𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚎𝚛 𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚣𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚏𝚛𝚘𝚖 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚙𝚝𝚑𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚍𝚊𝚛𝚔𝚗𝚎𝚜𝚜, 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚍 𝚞𝚙𝚘𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚠𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚍 𝚟𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚗, 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚐𝚊𝚣𝚎 𝚋𝚞𝚛𝚗𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚊 𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚖𝚊𝚕 𝚑𝚞𝚗𝚐𝚎𝚛. 𝙷𝚎 𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚍𝚍𝚕𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚏𝚊𝚕𝚕𝚎𝚗 𝚖𝚊𝚗, 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚏𝚏𝚘𝚌𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐, 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚝𝚘𝚞𝚌𝚑 𝚊 𝚖𝚘𝚌𝚔𝚎𝚛𝚢 𝚘𝚏 𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚌𝚢. 𝚆𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚊 𝚝𝚠𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚍 𝚐𝚛𝚒𝚗 𝚞𝚙𝚘𝚗 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚜, 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝙿𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝙴𝚡𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚛 𝚎𝚡𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚎𝚍 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚍𝚘𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚘𝚟𝚎𝚛 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚑𝚎𝚕𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝚟𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚗, 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚍𝚘𝚠𝚗 𝚞𝚙𝚘𝚗 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚜𝚑𝚊𝚝𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚍 𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚋 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚊 𝚜𝚊𝚍𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚌 𝚍𝚎𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝. 𝚃𝚑𝚎 𝚟𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚗'𝚜 𝚜𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚖𝚜 𝚎𝚌𝚑𝚘𝚎𝚍 𝚊𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚜𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚝, 𝚊 𝚜𝚢𝚖𝚙𝚑𝚘𝚗𝚢 𝚘𝚏 𝚊𝚐𝚘𝚗𝚢 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚍 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚞𝚗𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚠𝚒𝚗𝚍𝚜. 𝙱𝚞𝚝 𝚏𝚘𝚛 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛, 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚏𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚘𝚏 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚖 𝚠𝚊𝚜 𝚋𝚞𝚝 𝚊 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚍𝚎 𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚏𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚕𝚎. 𝚆𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚊 𝚜𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚕𝚎, 𝚋𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚊𝚕 𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚖𝚙, 𝚑𝚎 𝚋𝚛𝚘𝚞𝚐𝚑𝚝 𝚊𝚗 𝚎𝚗𝚍 𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚟𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚗'𝚜 𝚝𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝, 𝚌𝚛𝚞𝚜𝚑𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚜𝚔𝚞𝚕𝚕 𝚋𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚑𝚎𝚎𝚕 𝚘𝚏 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚋𝚘𝚘𝚝. 𝙱𝚕𝚘𝚘𝚍 𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚕𝚎𝚍 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚜𝚊𝚗𝚍, 𝚊 𝚌𝚛𝚒𝚖𝚜𝚘𝚗 𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚒𝚗 𝚞𝚙𝚘𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚞𝚗𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚒𝚟𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚑. 𝙰𝚗𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗, 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚊 𝚌𝚊𝚕𝚕𝚘𝚞𝚜 𝚍𝚒𝚜𝚛𝚎𝚐𝚊𝚛𝚍 𝚏𝚘𝚛 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚜 𝚑𝚎 𝚑𝚊𝚍 𝚜𝚗𝚞𝚏𝚏𝚎𝚍 𝚘𝚞𝚝, 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚒𝚙𝚙𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚏𝚊𝚕𝚕𝚎𝚗 𝚟𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚗 𝚘𝚏 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚑𝚕𝚢 𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚜𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚜, 𝚍𝚘𝚗𝚗𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚌𝚕𝚘𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚜 𝚕𝚒𝚔𝚎 𝚊 𝚖𝚊𝚌𝚊𝚋𝚛𝚎 𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚙𝚑𝚢. 𝚆𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚎𝚊𝚌𝚑 𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚙, 𝚑𝚎 𝚕𝚎𝚏𝚝 𝚋𝚎𝚑𝚒𝚗𝚍 𝚊 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚕 𝚘𝚏 𝚍𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚊𝚒𝚛, 𝚊 𝚝𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚍𝚊𝚛𝚔𝚗𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚕𝚞𝚛𝚔𝚎𝚍 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚑𝚞𝚖𝚊𝚗 𝚜𝚘𝚞𝚕. 𝙰𝚗𝚍 𝚜𝚘, 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚕𝚎𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚍 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝙿𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝙴𝚡𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚛 𝚐𝚛𝚎𝚠, 𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚗𝚊𝚖𝚎 𝚠𝚑𝚒𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚍 𝚒𝚗 𝚑𝚞𝚜𝚑𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚜 𝚋𝚢 𝚝𝚑𝚘𝚜𝚎 𝚠𝚑𝚘 𝚍𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚘 𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚊𝚔 𝚘𝚏 𝚑𝚒𝚖. 𝙸𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚘𝚕𝚊𝚝𝚎 𝚠𝚊𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝙽𝚎𝚠 𝙰𝚞𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚗, 𝚠𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚎 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚗 𝚋𝚞𝚛𝚗𝚎𝚍 𝚋𝚛𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚑𝚊𝚍𝚘𝚠𝚜 𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚍 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚖𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚌𝚎, 𝙷𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝙼𝚎𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝚛𝚎𝚒𝚐𝚗𝚎𝚍 𝚜𝚞𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚖𝚎 𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚑𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚎𝚛 𝚘𝚏 𝚌𝚑𝚊𝚘𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚍𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑.

"Saint Denis, the city of headless saints...let's hope I won't become one of them." -Samuel Maxwell Warden, March 25th 1900. Not even Warden knows what brought him to Saint Denis. After four years of Law at Tulane, where he specialized in constitutional and corporate law, he went back home. His father Maximilien ever silent, his friends gone, his old flame engaged with someone else. Baton Rouge was dull, uninteresting and without a future for him. His father's purse was slowly closing for him, and the options of "where should I go from here?" too. That's when he decided to make a drastic move. A necessary, but difficult one, for sure. He loved his time in New Orleans, but he didn't want to go back there just yet. So he thought and thought until he reached a decision... He'd move to Saint Denis. He'd find a job as a paralegal, and then go forward from there. He had some money set aside, and he did just that, in September, 1899. He lived in a cheap townhouse he managed to rent, and with careful studying and preparation, he passed the Tahoma Federal-State Bar, on the 3rd of March 1899, with flying colors. And then he met them: the D'Arcos. He helped Evelyn get cleared of some spurious charges, and won them over, becoming the family's attorney and their guest. He also met Fiorenzo, Evelyn's husband, a scientist with a background in Physics, and who studied abroad, in Germany. He became a close friend of both of them, although he primarily worked with Evelyn, helping her with paperwork, managing the Bastille staff and so on. While not busy doing so, handling corporate documents or preparing for a case, he went out hunting. He loved the outdoors, and especially the bayou, and he would frequently go out with his rifle and horse whenever he had the occasion. If not, he'd spend his time reading, drinking and enjoying good meals and adequate conversation in the Bastille, of which he was a frequent client. Everything started to go wrong once he agreed to candidate as Mayor for Saint Denis... (OOC: This thread will show Samuel Warden's perspective on multiple events, spanning months. Bear with me, as I do not have screens for many of them! I'll also NOT post spoilers on current events, but just Samuel's perspective on what's happening to him. P.S.: many, many flashbacks, too!) Samuel Maxwell Warden (photo taken in February, 1900) Maximilien Warden (photo taken in 1898)

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐉𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐋𝐨𝐭𝐮𝐬 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐩𝐢𝐯𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐰𝐞𝐛 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝟐𝟎𝐭𝐡-𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐲 𝐮𝐫𝐛𝐚𝐧 𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐞, 𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠. 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐖𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡 𝐓𝐚𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐚, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐞𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐞𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲. 𝐋𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐖𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐉𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐨, 𝐚 𝐖𝐮 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐛𝐲 𝐚 𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐚𝐟𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐭𝐬, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐝 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐚𝐧 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨. 𝐖𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐉𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐨'𝐬 𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐚𝐟𝐞𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞'𝐬 𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐝 "𝐉𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐭," 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐈𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐭. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞'𝐬 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐫𝐬, 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐮𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬. 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐬, 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐚𝐥, 𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞'𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐟𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐬' 𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐥𝐝, 𝐧𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞. 𝐀𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐲 𝐮𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐝, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐉𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐋𝐨𝐭𝐮𝐬 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐧𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐮𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐮𝐫𝐛𝐚𝐧 𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧. 𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞'𝐬 𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐜𝐲 𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲, 𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐝𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐮𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠, 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝟏𝟗𝐭𝐡 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐲. 𝐅𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟑 𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐚𝐧 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨'𝐬 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐰𝐧, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐦𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐢𝐝 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲, 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐧𝐞𝐰𝐥𝐲 𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐞𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐮𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐮𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐬, 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐮𝐩𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚. 𝐈𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞, 𝐨𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲, 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐮𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬. 𝐀𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐲𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐚𝐧 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨, 𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬, 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐘𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐠𝐨, 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐚 𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐬, 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐠𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐮𝐦 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐬 𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐚 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞. 𝐀𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐩 𝐨𝐟 𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐢𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡 𝐓𝐚𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐚. 𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐒𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐬' 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞 𝐮𝐫𝐛𝐚𝐧 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐚 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲, 𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐧𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝟐𝟎𝐭𝐡 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐲 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐉𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐋𝐨𝐭𝐮𝐬 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠, 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐖𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐉𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐨, 𝐚 𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐛𝐲 𝐚 𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐚𝐟𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲. 𝐃𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐮𝐩𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠'𝐬 𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞, 𝐖𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐉𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐨 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐬, 𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲'𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐚𝐛𝐫𝐢𝐜. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞'𝐬 𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐚 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠'𝐬 𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬, 𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐝𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠'𝐬 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐮𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲, 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲. 𝐀𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐲 𝐮𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐝, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐜𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐛𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚. 𝐖𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐉𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐨, 𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟎𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐆𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐝𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐞, 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚, 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐮𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐞𝐫𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐮𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐮𝐧𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐝 𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐐𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐃𝐲𝐧𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐲 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚. 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐮𝐩 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐫𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐯𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐠𝐞, 𝐖𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐠𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝. 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐧𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐟𝐮𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐡𝐢𝐦 𝐚 𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧. 𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟎𝐬, 𝐖𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐣𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐚 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐩 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐞. 𝐀𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐚𝐧 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨, 𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐦𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐟 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐢𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐥𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐰𝐧, 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠, 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞. 𝐃𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠'𝐬 𝐚𝐮𝐫𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭, 𝐖𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐥𝐲 𝐛𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐠𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐮𝐦 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐦𝐮𝐠𝐠𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠. 𝐔𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬, 𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐬 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐫, 𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐤𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲. 𝐀𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝟐𝟎𝐭𝐡 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐲 𝐝𝐚𝐰𝐧𝐞𝐝, 𝐖𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐚𝐰 𝐚𝐧 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐞𝐲𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐚𝐧 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨. 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫𝐬, 𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐬. 𝐈𝐧 𝐒𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐬, 𝐖𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐥 𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐬, 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐮𝐩𝐭 𝐨𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐬. 𝐇𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫, 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐮𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬, 𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐤𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐬, 𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡. 𝐖𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐉𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐋𝐨𝐭𝐮𝐬 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞, 𝐚 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐛-𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐩 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐉𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐋𝐨𝐭𝐮𝐬 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐫𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬. 𝐎𝐮𝐫 𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐬 𝐥𝐨𝐲𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐲, 𝐝𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐠𝐨𝐚𝐥𝐬. 𝐓𝐨 𝐣𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐉𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐋𝐨𝐭𝐮𝐬 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞, 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐢𝐧-𝐠𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐬. 𝐖𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐞𝐤 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐬 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝, 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐡𝐲, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬. 𝐈𝐟 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐭 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐫, 𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄𝐋𝐒𝟒𝐄𝐕𝐄𝐑𝟕𝟎, 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧. 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐮𝐦 𝐍𝐚𝐦𝐞: 𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄𝐋𝐒𝟒𝐄𝐕𝐄𝐑𝟕𝟎 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝: https://discord.gg/DbHvEKUCun

𝐀𝐥𝐞𝐤𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐫 𝐘𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐡 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟑-𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎) 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐑𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐦𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐝 𝐚 𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝟏𝟗𝐭𝐡-𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐲 𝐑𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐚. 𝐁𝐨𝐫𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐮𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐞𝐫𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐬𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐦𝐞, 𝐀𝐥𝐞𝐤𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐧𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐌𝐨𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐰. 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫, 𝐘𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐯 𝐏𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐡, 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫, 𝐄𝐤𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐚 𝐈𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐯𝐧𝐚, 𝐡𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐚 𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐬 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭. 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐮𝐩 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐦𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐦 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐀𝐥𝐞𝐤𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐫 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐚 𝐤𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐦 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐚𝐠𝐞. 𝐇𝐞 𝐯𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐥𝐲 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐲, 𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐦𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐦, 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐖𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐩𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬. 𝐈𝐧 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐀𝐥𝐞𝐤𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐫 𝐛𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲, 𝐚 𝐦𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐇𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐚 𝐏𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐧𝐚 𝐁𝐥𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐬𝐤𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐞𝐧𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐥 𝐎𝐥𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐭. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲'𝐬 𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬, 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲, 𝐖𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐦, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲, 𝐝𝐞𝐞𝐩𝐥𝐲 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐀𝐥𝐞𝐤𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐫'𝐬 𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬. 𝐇𝐞 𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐥𝐲 𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐤𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲, 𝐛𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐬. 𝐃𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞, 𝐑𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐚 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐢𝐝 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐮𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐥, 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐬 𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐤𝐞. 𝐀𝐥𝐞𝐤𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐫 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐦𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐟 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐲, 𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐭 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧. 𝐀𝐬 𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝, 𝐀𝐥𝐞𝐤𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐫'𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝. 𝐇𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐩𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞. 𝐇𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫, 𝐀𝐥𝐞𝐤𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐫'𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐜𝐚𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐬𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬. 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐞 𝐑𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐚 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎, 𝐬𝐞𝐞𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐮𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬.

𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐑𝐞𝐲𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐬, 𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐀𝐫𝐦𝐲 𝐕𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫. 𝐎𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐑𝐞𝐲𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐬, 𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟔 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐘𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐞, 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝, 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐰 𝐮𝐩 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐡 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝. 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐚 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐠𝐞, 𝐎𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐞𝐱𝐡𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐚 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐤𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐦𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐥. 𝐀𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟏𝟖, 𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐛𝐲 𝐚 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐨𝐧𝐬, 𝐎𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐧𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐀𝐫𝐦𝐲. 𝐔𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐡𝐞 𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐥𝐲 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐦𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐟 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫, 𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐝𝐦𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫𝐬. 𝐎𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫'𝐬 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲 𝐛𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐧 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬. 𝐈𝐧 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟓, 𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐦𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐟 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐲𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐡-𝐖𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐫 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚, 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧. 𝐓𝐚𝐬𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐜 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐲 𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐟𝐮𝐥𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐬𝐡 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬. 𝐀𝐬 𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚, 𝐎𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐮𝐝𝐚𝐧. 𝐈𝐧 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟖, 𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐝 𝐚 𝐜𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐮𝐝𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐦𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧, 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬. 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐝𝐦𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫𝐬. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐤 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐁𝐨𝐞𝐫 𝐖𝐚𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡 𝐀𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚 𝐬𝐚𝐰 𝐎𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐭 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬. 𝐇𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫, 𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐢𝐞𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐚𝐝𝐲𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐊𝐨𝐩 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎, 𝐎𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐦𝐲 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐞. 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞, 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐦 𝐮𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐟𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐝𝐮𝐭𝐲, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐦𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲. 𝐀𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐚𝐰𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐲 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐝, 𝐎𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚 𝐦𝐢𝐱𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐲. 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐞-𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐫 𝐡𝐚𝐝 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧 𝐡𝐢𝐦 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐫. 𝐓𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐛𝐫𝐮𝐩𝐭 𝐞𝐧𝐝, 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐮𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐟𝐚𝐬𝐭. 𝐀𝐬 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝐝𝐚𝐰𝐧𝐞𝐝, 𝐎𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐑𝐞𝐲𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐬 𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐧 𝐚 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐫, 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐡𝐢𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞, 𝐬𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞. 𝐓𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲 𝐡𝐚𝐝 𝐛𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬, 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐮𝐧𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐤𝐞𝐧, 𝐚 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲.

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The Vespucci Family The history of the Vespucci family began in 1880 when the young Salazar Vespucci befriended Felice Basile during a job in Sicily, which led to Sal introducing him into the Gerallo family. In 1890, after Don Gerallo's death, Salazar, Felice, and a few others decided to try their luck in the New World, and traveled to New York, where they hoped to build a lasting empire. In New York however, the fierce competition limited the opportunities to grow, nevertheless it managed to do so. Bribes, threats, uneasy alliances and governmental corruption let the family thrive over several city blocks in Manhattan, though the operation's costs were considerable. In 1898, a family meeting was requested by Felice Basile, now the Consigliere of the Vespucci Family. During this meeting, Felice clearly presented the fact that in New York, their whole organization was financially unsustainable in the long run. A decision was made to move the family to a less competitive area, for which the city of Saint Denis was chosen. The family moved there in the early months of 1899, with a few people sent forward to set things up, but when the rest of the family came, one member, Antonio Casali failed to show up from his task. OOC: The family aims to portray a sicilan mafia style faction, with a heavy focus on organized crime, instead of the typical gang roleplay. On the surface, it shows an upstanding, and charitable organization, that helps tho however is paid by several rackets, loan-sharks, thinly veiled threats, and other means. We're looking for characters that fit into that style of gameplay.

The Prelude Calogero Nicolosi, hailing from the town of Marsala in Southwestern Sicily, had all his life engaged in a lifestyle later to be known as “Mafia”. However, he, and others who followed such a way of living, considered it to be part of a grander scheme of things known as the “Honoured Society”, hence members being known as Men of Honour. In the immediate aftermath of the Risorgimento of Italy in 1861 through Garibaldi’s Thousand, Sicily had been thrown into turmoil and found itself with skyrocketing rates of banditry - particularly affecting landowners and their businesses, such as vineyards.. As a result, bands of men, later to be known as the “Societies”, approached these suffering businessmen with an offer of protection. One such Society that came out of these trying times was “La Marsalesi”, or the “Men of Marsala”, during the mid 1870s at a time when further organisation of these bands of guardsmen occurred - further exacerbated by the influence of Freemasonry; introduced to the country on a large scale after Garibaldi’s invasion of the South. By this time, Nicolosi was but a young adult with limited opportunity due to the poverty that had struck the island. Upon achieving a position amongst these guardsmen, the Men of Marsala, he found himself in a dark room surrounded by these other men. By the end of the night, he had become one of them via an oath, known as Umirtá, and was not to leave the Society under threat of death and banishment to the depths of Hell. It was during the 1890s that the Marsala Society wished to expand its reach, despite little to no territory being left to claim in the Old Country. The heads of the Marsalesi chose to recruit Nicolosi, who throughout his tenure as a Man of Honour had shown to be a man of rationality and business, to move to the other side of the Atlantic, to a city known as Saint Denis, in order to expand the interests of the Men of Marsala. The Arrival Upon the arrival of Nicolosi and his Decina (essentially meaning “of Ten”, from Capodecina), they set out to find a storefront in which they could use to conduct business. Through this, they hope the fruits of their success will show in connections and opportunity. OOC: As a faction, we aim to provide the server with an authentic, and realistic, Mafia roleplay experience that correctly fits the period of the server. People interested in joining may DM "realvalerio" or simply join the faction discord: https://discord.gg/fTYcyvwS Sketch of the 1891 New Orleans lynching of Eleven Sicilians.